Tin, Lead Tin and Other Tin Alloys

Tin has been recognized for hundreds of years, brown a tin / birdwatcher metal was so popular that it gave its name to the period. Pewter an metal of tin, lead and copper was used for several years for plates and cups.
As it is slower to oxidize tin is used as a coating for other metals to reduce deterioration, the “tin can” is actually mostly created of steel with a thin coating of tin.

Tin Alloys

• Babbitt (metal)
• Bell metal
• Solder
• Pewter
• Terne metal
• Bronze

Other Programs for tin materials:

Lead is the conventional base metal of organ pipes, assorted with unstable amounts of tin to manage the tone of the pipe.
Tin is added to lead alloys used in the construct of nuclear casks to improve the strength of the cask metal.
For identical reasons tin is added to lead in bullet metal to enhance hardness

Zinc and Zinc Alloy Applications

Pure metallic Zinc, which has the chemical symbol Zn, was first isolated by Marggraf in 1746, however brass which is an alloy of copper and zinc has been used since at least 1000BC. Zinc is in group 12 of the periodic table and reacts in a similar way to magnesium.

Zinc ore is mined in China, China, Peru and the USA, its most common ore is a sulfide called sphalerite or zinc blende. China is the world’s largest producing, responsible for about one third of the World’s production. Zinc ores are often found in combined deposits with the lead mineral, galena (PbS) and with silver ores. Only about 3 quarters of the Zinc used today is mined, the rest is recycled.

Applications for Zinc

Zinc is the 4th most common metal used today. It is used in as a pure metal, in various alloys and in certain compounds of zinc.

Pure Zinc applications

The main application for Zinc is corrosion resistance, the dip coating of iron in metallic zinc, known as galvanizing, or electrochemical application, produces a surface layer that will be oxidized first before the iron or steel. Zinc is more reactive than iron or steel and thus will attract almost all local oxidation until it completely corrodes away As the zinc is oxidized it forms a protective layer that prevents further oxidation until the layer is scratched or damaged. The underlying iron or steel is protected from corrosion until the zinc corrodes away completely, which can take many years.

This form of corrosion protection, accounts for over half of the yearly usage of zinc, and is used in many applications such as bridges, street lamps. Car bodies, guard rails and chain link fences.

Other anti-corrosion uses for zinc include connecting zinc rods to underground pipelines. The zinc cathodically protects the pipeline, by slowly corroding itself instead of the pipe. Zinc can also be attached to ship keels, propellers and rudders to provide a sacrificial protection.

Other uses for zinc metal include as an anode material for batteries, both in powdered form and as sheets of zinc.

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Lead Powder - Manufacture And Use

Lead in powdered or granular form finds several applications in a variety of industries. Including:

• Oil and gas exploration 
• Radiological Medical protective clothing 
• Industrial X-ray shielding 
• Golf club manufacturing 
• Anti-friction products 
• Corrosive resistant paints

This article discusses the production methods for lead powder, gives some details on its application and provides information on Nuclead’s capabilities in this area Lead Powder Production Methods Lead powder is often produced by dispersing melted lead. Drops of molten lead are atomized using a jet of high temperature gas. The lead can be introduced into the gas stream in the same direction as the gas flow, by use of an annular nozzle, or the molten lead can be dripped into a perpendicular stream of gas. The first method produces finer lead powder and is therefore more useful in certain applications such as lead bases anti-friction lubricants.

In a typical manufacturing process the lead is melted in a crucible, the liquid metal flows out of an hole, of precise dimensions, in the bottom of the crucible and more molten metal is added to maintain a constant level – this will ensure a constant rate of flow through the hole in the bottom of the crucible. The metal flows into a gas jet that has been heated to about 200oC and is dispersed into small particles up to a few microns in size. 

Read the full article at original source: http://www.amazines.com/article_detail.cfm/5195255?articleid=5195255

Lead Weights in Sports Racing

Lead is a dense a relatively inexpensive metal. Lead weights have a myriad number of uses in all industry and human activity. In sports, they are used most often horse racing and car racing.
While the object of any race is to win, they are used to different purpose in horse racing and car racing. In horse racing they are used to ensure a more completive leas predictable race, while in car racing the added lead weight is used fine tune the performance of the car to increase an individual’s chance of winning.

Nuclead has available lead weights for all applications, up to 40,000 lbs in many configurations.

Lead weights for racing car traction and handling

In racing cars they are used to help control the cars traction and handling. While the rules require cars meet a minimum weight to be allowed to race, this is actually a secondary factor in most cases.
In order for the racing to move, the engine needs to produce enough power and the tires have to generate enough traction. The more weight the more of both are needed.

A well constructed race car will need to add weight to meet the rules, but the placement of the added weight can make a significant difference to how the car performs on the track. They need to be carefully placed in several parts of the chassis for example:

• Rear placed weights are important for traction; the amount of weight is determined by the race track conditions. High traction race-tracks will obviously need less weight at the rear, but the track conditions will vary on several factors including the weather, and time into the race. It is important to be able to predict how the race track will change over the race and adjust the lead weight accordingly.

• Front placed lead weights are important for steering and handling. Weights are typically placed higher than rear weights in order to increase front roll and subsequently front tire traction.

• Side weight is important for handling in the corners. As the car drives into the corners, the weight will tend to transfer onto the outer tires having weight on the sides of the car will tend to keep traction on the inside wheels.

One other weight factor that needs to be considered is fuel weight. As the race progresses the car will burn fuel so will become lighter. Depending on the length of the race and track conditions decisions need to be made regarding the percentage of weight at the rear. If there rear weight is high then the handling will improve as the race goes on but the car will not be as fast in the early laps due to the increased weight. So it is key to understand how the race track will change.

Lead Weights for handicapping horse races

Lead weights are used to handicap horse races, to make the race more competitive.
The most important factor in the popularity of horse racing (the sport of kings), is the betting on the result. However, predicting a winner of a race is relatively easy based on the maturity of the horse and its past performance, so in order maintain a competitive betting experience many horse races are handicapped. 

In addition to the weight of the jockey and the saddle, the horse carries a defined amount of lead weights in the saddle bags. This lead weight is called the “impost” and is assigned by the racing authorities based on several factors.

The most important factor that that determines the amount of lead weight added to the saddle bag is the maturity of the horse. Horses are fully mature by the age of three, without the impost a mature horse will always win a race with a younger horse, especially over a longer course. As a result, in 1855 the weight for age scale was introduced by the then steward of the Jockey Club, Henry John Rous. Under the weight for age scale the amount of lead weight the horse carries is determine by the horse’s age, its sex, the race distance and the month.

As a result of the handicapping, races become much less predicable and much more interesting. Betting can take place based on how well the horse is performing, and factors such as the horses “pace” (defined as how the horse runs a race front runner, closer etc.), how well the horse looks in the paddock and the skill of the jockey. The handicappers can add additional interest by setting up races between horses with similar paces styles.

Conclusion

Lead weight plays an important part in many sports races, but not always for the same reasons. 

Original Source: http://www.amazines.com/article_detail.cfm/5060815?articleid=5060815

Lead Metal for Sale

The Nuclead website offers information about cause steel items and cause steel services. Nuclead has all types of cause for sale

For over 100 years, Nuclead and its forerunners have provided cause on the market for use in research, market and customers.

Lead items include cause protecting, piece cause items and cause castings and are used in many sectors including:

•     Lead Sub-assemblies for MRI machines and X-ray shielding
•     Lead protecting surfaces for the atomic market such as atomic stones for high energy rays protecting.
•     Protection devices such as cause covered gates, rays glass and Lead safety clothing to secure people and devices.
•     Lead piece rock for construction
•     Deliver ballast for the Deep blue blue and private owners
•     Ammunition metals for the soldiers, cops and predators. 

We offer a full range of Lead products. For more details visit us online

Lead: What is Lead The Use & The Effects

Lead is a smooth, greyish, glossy metal with a higher solidity and low reducing factor. Although dangerous to our wellness, people have been getting and using lead for over 6000 decades. Lets discuss & know about the properties of lead & the use of lead in different industries.

Properties

    Nuclear Symbol: Pb
    Nuclear Number: 82
    Nuclear Mass: 207.2 amu
    Melting Point: 327.5°C (600.65 K, 621.5 °F)
    Steaming Point: 1740.0°C (2013.15 K, 3164.0 °F)
    Density: 11.36 g/cm3

History

Ancient Egyptians were likely the first to draw out lead, which they used to create small statues. Substances of lead have also been found in Cotton ceramic glazes. In Chinese suppliers, lead was used to create gold coins by 2000BC.

The Greeks were the first to identify lead's deterioration proof qualities and used lead as a cover on deliver hulls (an program contributing compounds are still used for to this day). The Romans, consequently, started getting bulk of result in for their extensive water techniques.

By the first millennium AD, it is believe that Roman lead growth was roughly 80,000 lots per season. Linens of lead were used to line bathrooms, while lead pipes was created by wrap sheets of lead metal around a rod and soldering the sides together. Cause pipes, which was used until the Twentieth millennium, assisted prevent deterioration, but also led to extensive lead harming.

By the Center Age groups, lead was being used as a roof structure content in some areas of European countries because of its level of ability to resist fire. In fact, both Westminster Abbey and St. Paul's Church in London, uk have lead rooftops that go back ages. Later, pewter (an metal of tin and lead) was used to create cups, clothing and silverware.

Following the growth of weapons, lead's great solidity was determined as an perfect content for principal points - or lead taken. Cause taken was first created in the mid-17th millennium by enabling dissolved lead drops to fall into water where they would strengthen in a rounded shape.

Production

About half of all lead created each season comes from re-cycled content, which means contributing has one of the greatest recycle rates of all components in common use today. In 2008, globally growth of lead surpassed 8 thousand lots.

The biggest manufacturers of found lead are Chinese suppliers, Sydney and the USA, whereas the biggest manufacturers of re-cycled lead are the USA, Chinese suppliers and Malaysia. Chinese suppliers alone records for about 60 % of all lead growth.

The most financially important lead ore is called galena. Galena contains lead sulfide (PbS), as well as zinc oxide and gold, all of which can be produced and enhanced to generate genuine materials. Other ores that are found for lead include anglesite and cerussite.

A huge percentage (about 90 percent) of all lead is used in lead-acid battery power energy, lead sheets and other metal programs that are eco friendly. As a result, about 5 thousand lots of lead (or 60 % of all production) were created from re-cycled components last year.

Applications

The primary program for lead remains in lead-acid battery power energy, which account for 80 % of the metal's use. Cause acidity battery power energy are perfect for all types of automobiles because of their relatively huge power-to-weight rate, which allows them to supply the great increase voltages required by vehicle beginning engines.

Advances in lead-acid battery power discharge/charge periods has also made these practical as energy storage space tissues at urgent energy programs for medical centers and computer set ups, as well as in home. They are also used as storage space tissues for alternative energy, such as wind generators and tissues.

Although genuine lead is very sensitive, lead compounds, such as lead oxide, can by very constant, making them appropriate as substances in deterioration proof protecting for metal and metal. Cause coverings are used to secure deliver hulls, while lead stabilizers and sheathings are used to secure marine energy and interaction cords.

Lead materials are still used in some principal points and, due to the metal's low reducing factor, in metal solders. Cause cup has special programs in contacts and visual equipment, while lead amazingly, which contains up to 36 % lead, is used to create attractive items. Other lead compounds are still used in some colour pigmentation, as well as suits and fireworks.

Lead Poisoning

Over the past 40 decades, greater attention about the adverse wellness effects of lead has led to many nations prohibiting numerous of lead products. Leaded petrol, which was commonly used for much of the Twentieth millennium, is now prohibited in most western world. Similar prohibits are available for shows with lead pigmentation, lead sportfishing sinkers and lead pipes.

Metal Stock & Plastics

Most common styles and materials are in inventory for immediate distribution. All steel shapes are available, including steel units, steel apartments, steel pipes, steel pieces and steel hex. Stock includes steel sheets, steel pipe, steel supports and steel plate. All plastic materials are custom cut. Special or exotic styles and materials are also available – contact our sales agents for pricing and distribution.